在高速载流摩擦磨损试验机上对碳/碳复合材料进行摩擦磨损试验, 研究了不同电流、载荷和滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数、磨损率及磨损表面形貌, 并分析了磨损机理。结果表明: 在一定载荷作用下, 随电流和滑动速度增大, 碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能先保持良好而后趋于恶化; 在电流和滑动速度一定的条件下, 较低和较高的载荷都会恶化碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能; 随着摩擦表面温度升高, 碳/碳复合材料基体开始氧化流失, 碳纤维脱落形成磨屑, 从而导致磨粒磨损; 随后摩擦表面的高温使磨屑软化, 磨屑在机械应力作用下逐渐被碾压成碳膜, 形成粘着磨损; 磨损表面温度的进一步升高以及高速冲击的作用破坏了碳膜的完整性, 从而恶化了碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。

Friction and wear tests for carbon/carbon composite were carried out on a high speed carrying current friction and wear tester, the friction coefficient, wear rate and worn surface morphology of the composite under the conditions of different currents, loads and sliding rates were studied, and the wear mechanism was analyzed, too. The results indicate that when the load was constant, the friction and wear properties of carbon/carbon composite first maintained good and then tended to deteriorate with the increase of current and sliding rate. When the current and sliding rate were constant, the friction and wear properties of carbon/carbon composite deteriorated under low or high load. With the temperature of friction surface increasing, the matrix of the composite was oxidized and the carbon fiber dropped and turned into wear debris and thus abrasive wear was induced. With the temperature raising further, the wear debris were softened and were grinded into carbon film at mechanical stress and thus adhesive wear was induced. The temperature increasing and high-velocity impacts destroyed the integrality of carbon film, thus, the friction and wear properties of carbon/carbon composite were worsened.