为了满足GB/T 228.1-2010中方法A对拉伸速率的要求, 阐述了应变控制、应力控制和位移控制三种控制方式对金属材料拉伸性能的影响, 提出了一种考虑了系统柔度的准应变速率控制方法, 即用准应变全程位移自动控制间接实现对试样的应变速率控制。采用准应变速率控制方法时, 无论测试何种金属材料、何种尺寸试样, 试验人员仅需输入试样尺寸和估计的弹性模量, 由程序自动计算出系统柔度和各阶段拉伸速率, 即可对整个试验过程进行自动控制, 使不同试验机得出的试验结果真正具有可比性。

In order to fulfill the tensile speed requirement of method A in GB/T 228.1- 2010, strain, stress and displacement three types of control methods and their influences on the tensile properties of metallic materials were explained. A quasi-strain control method was provided. This method adopted automatic displacement control mode in all tensile phases instead of strain control and provided an indirect strain control method, inasmuch as the compliance of the testing system was considered. No matter what kinds of materials and specimens were tested, it only need to input the specimen dimension and estimated elastic modulus. The test software would automatically calculate the system compliance and test speed of each testing phase, and control the test procedure automatically. This method would actually realize the comparability of test results from different test machines.