采用不同工艺制度对05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢进行了真空时效热处理,研究了影响05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢表面时效氧化变色的各种因素。结果表明:05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢对真空时效气氛比较敏感,氧化变色主要与材料的高铬含量有关, 为避免05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢表面氧化变色,最好在还原气氛中进行真空时效热处理; 若在现有真空弱氧化气氛中进行时效处理,如出炉温度降低到60 ℃以下,试样表面颜色基本不变,其表面质量满足要求; 采用丙酮超声波清洗方式进行前处理可使试样时效氧化变色问题得到有效改善。

The influencing factors of oxidation discoloration of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel were investigated by using different vacuum aging treatment technological systems. The results show that 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb steel was sensitive to the vacuum aging atmosphere, and the oxidation discoloration was mainly relevant to the high chromium content. In order to avoid surface oxidation discoloration of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb steel, it was better to carry the vacuum aging treatment in reducing atmosphere. If the aging treatment was carried out in the existing vacuum weak oxidizing atmosphere, in order to keep the sample surface color invariant, the tapping temperature should be reduced to 60 ℃. When acetone ultrasonic cleaning was applied, the oxidation discoloration problem of aging treatment sample could be effectively improved.