采用X射线应力测定仪对某批磨削轴承钢件的残余应力进行了测定。结果表明: 轴承钢(可推延至其他金属材料)在磨削加工中, 由于塑性凸出效应、挤光作用、热应力和材料组织结构的变化等因素的影响, 使其产生的残余应力有正有负, 其绝对值或高或低, 难以确定; 甚至在强力磨削后, 其表层会存在剧烈的应力梯度, 使表层呈现为三维应力状态; 对于该类磨削工件, 需要通过一系列的测试和计算, 才能得出其三维应力的各个分量。

The residual stress of a batch of grinding bearing steel was measured by X-ray stress analyzer. The results show that during grinding process of bearing steel and other metal materials, as a result of plastic protrusion effect, extrusion effect, thermal stress and microstructure changing, the explicit value of residual stress was hard to be determined. Furthermore, after heavy grinding, there should be serious stress gradient slope on surface, which would cause three dimensional stress state. To get the details of three dimensional stresses on these grinded workpieces, a series of measurements and calculations had been done.