以烟火药及其爆炸残留物作为研究对象,利用扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪对其进行微观形貌观察和元素分析。结果表明:烟火药爆炸前后形貌差异明显,爆炸残留物多数具有规则形貌,即特征的圆形颗粒,主要成分是碳、氧和铝,直径范围为40～100 μm;不同种类的烟火药爆炸残留物中球形颗粒的氧和铝含量不同,颗粒的平均直径也不同;依据这些显著的特征可以简便、快速、准确地鉴别烟火药的种类,为烟火药爆炸事故现场的侦查工作提供有力的科学依据。

The microstructure and chemical compositions of pyrotechnic compositions and pyrotechnic explosive residues were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The pyrotechnic explosive residues particles collected from the surface of the reaction region were observed. The majority of pyrotechnic explosive residues particles had a regular morphology of spherical shape, their diameter ranging from about 40 to 100 μm. Their main components were carbon and alumina. The amounts of aluminum oxide in different kinds of pyrotechnic explosion residues were different and the average diameter of these spherical particles was also different. These remarkable features were helpful to identify pyrotechnic composition simply, rapidly and accurately, and it provided a powerful scientific evidence for the pyrotechnic explosion scene detection work.