采用单因素试验和正交试验, 得到了40 ℃下优化后的磷化液。结果表明, 当氧化锌15 g/L、磷酸二氢锌12 g/L、磷酸25 ml/L、氟化钠0.6 g/L、氯酸钾0.3 g/L、柠檬酸0.2 g/L、乌洛托品0.25 g/L、钼酸钠0.18 g/L、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.18 g/L、磷酸锌3.5 g/L、50%硝酸锰3.5 g/L时, 磷化膜CuSO4点滴测试平均时间为78 s, 磷化液酸比平均值为23.8。所得磷化液优化配方较其它磷化工艺温度有所降低, 并且大大降低了锰离子的使用量, 是经济节约、绿色环保的工艺路线。

Orthogonal test was used to optimize the phosphating solution at 40 ℃. The results showed that when the solution composition was zinc oxide 15 g/L, zinc dihydrogen phosphate 12 g/L, phosphoric acid 25 ml/L, sodium fluoride 0.6 g/L, potassium chlorate 0.3 g/L, citric acid 0.2 g/L, urotropine 0.25 g/L, sodium molybdate 0.18 g/L, SDBS 0.18 g/L, zinc phosphate 3.5 g/L, 50% manganous nitrate 3.5 g/L, the average time of copper sulfate drip of the prepared film was 78 s and the average value of the phosphating solution acid ratio was 23.8. The reaction temperature and the amount for manganese ions of the phosphating solution are lower than that of other phosphating process. The improved process is an economical, green and environmental process route.