通过对过去机械式引伸计(包括杠杆式引伸计、镜式引伸计、蝶式引伸计和球铰式引伸计)的介绍, 说明了在材料拉伸试验过程中, 为了扣除偏心拉伸的弯曲变形对试验结果的影响, 一般都需要在拉伸试样的两侧各安装一只引伸计进行同时测量。对现在经常使用的电子引伸计(包括单侧电子引伸计、平均值引伸计、双侧电子引伸计、视频引伸计和自动引伸计)也一一进行了介绍, 其中对于单侧使用电子引伸计的测量方法, 笔者发表了不赞同的观点。笔者认为, 未来的引伸计将向更加自动化、数字化和遥测遥控方向发展。

The history of mechanical extensometers including Huggenberger extensometer, Marten extensometer, Baoyashinnov extensometer and spherical joint extensometer was reviewed. In order to deduct the bending deformation of eccentric tension from the tension test results, two extensometers were required at each side of the tensile specimen to measure simultaneously during the tensile process. The modern electronic extensometers including one-side electronic extensometer, average value extensometer, two-side electronic extensometer, video extensometer and automatic extensometer were also introduced separately. The author expressed a different view on the unilateral measurement method of electronic extensometer, and the author thought the extensometers would be more automated, digital and remote sensing in the furture.