选取在福建黑釉研究中存在争议的黑釉下出现褐色层的现象开展研究, 从显微结构和化学组成两方面对黑釉与褐色层的结构和成分进行比较。结果表明: 褐色区域的氧化铁含量明显高于黑釉区域的, 而助溶剂含量则低于黑釉区域的, 且褐色区域表面存在一层明显的赤铁矿和磁铁矿结晶层; 正是这层含铁结晶层的存在导致褐色区域呈现出不同于黑釉的颜色; 褐色区域与黑釉区域没有明显的界面, 褐色层厚度仅为黑釉层的1/5~1/10; 褐色区域与黑釉区域的组成和结构均明显不同, 且两者之间没有呈现如施在胎体上“化妆土”那样的明显界限; 因此, 这种褐色层很可能是采用二次施釉技术制备的另一种配方不同于黑釉的釉层。

The Fujian black glaze of Song dynasty was investigated due to a controversial phenomenon of brown layer appearing under the black glaze. Microstructure and chemical compositions of the brown layer and the black glaze were characterized by SEM/EPMA. The results show that the content of iron oxide in the brown area was significantly higher than that in the black glaze area, and the solvent content was lower than that in the black glaze area. The surface of brown layer was covered by the hematite and magnetite crystallines, which resulted in the brown. Between the brown layer and black glaze region there was no obvious interface region, the thickness of brown layer was only one-fifth to one-tenth of that of the black glaze. The chemical compositions and microstructure of the brown areas and black glaze were significantly different, and there wasn’t obvious boundary between these two regions which could be caused by the ‘make-up soil’ in the matrix. Thus, the brown area was likely to be of secondary glazing fabricated using another formula, and the formula was different from the black glaze.