对美标钢制品力学性能试验总则标准(ASTM A370-2010)与分项试验方法标准(ASTM E8/E8M-2009, ASTM E10-2010, ASTM E18-2008b, ASTM E23-2007aε1和ASTM E384-2010ε2等)分别从标准的适用范围、环境温度的定义、采用的单位制、对试样和试验设备的要求、尺寸测量精确度、拉伸试验的速率、不同硬度标尺间的相互转换以及试验结果的处理与修约等方面进行了系统的对比分析。结果表明: ASTM力学性能试验总则标准和与其相对应的ASTM分项试验方法标准之间存在着一定的技术差异, 其中尤以拉伸试验和冲击试验方法标准与总则标准之间的差异居多, 实际使用中应注意区分和选择。

Technical differences between ASTM mechanical testing general standard(ASTM A370-2010) and its corresponding clausal testing standards (ASTM E8/E8M-2009, ASTM E10-2010, ASTM E18-2008b, ASTM E23-2007aε1 and ASTM E384-2010ε2) were compared systematically in the aspects of scope of application, definition of ambient temperature, units, requirements of test specimens and apparatus, measurement precision of dimensions, speed of tension testing, conversion between different hardness scales, and results processing and rounding of testing data. The results show that there were certain technical differences between ASTM mechanical testing general standard and its corresponding ASTM clausal testing standards, especially in tension testing and impact testing. It was important to distinguish and choose in practical application.