针对暴力性凶杀案件中刀具是最常见的物证之一, 但目前缺乏刀具数据库的现状, 对13种不锈钢管制刀具及其对应的8种不锈钢刀具钢坯原材料进行了切割、镶嵌、抛光、刻蚀等一系列制样工序, 分析了不同试样的显微组织、化学成分、相组成及显微硬度等理化特性, 研究了不同试样理化特性的规律, 探索了管制刀具数据库的建立方法, 以期对刀具物证的溯源工作提供科学依据。

The knife is one of the important scene evidences in the violent cases, which provides the clue about the crime. However, it often become very difficult to get the useful information about the crime due to lacking the database about the chemical and physical properties of knifes, which can compare these properties of scene and commercial knifes, and finally track the crime information. The thirteen kinds of steel knifes and eight kinds of raw material billets were investigated by these sample preparation procedures including cutting, inlay, polishing and etching; and the physical and chemical characteristics of different samples were analyzed, including microstructure, chemical composition, phase composition and Rockwell hardness. The rules of the physical and chemical characteristics of these different samples, which can provide the scientific evidences for tracking the manufacturer of different knifes, were recovered. The establishment method of controlled knives database was presented.