在日常金相检验中, 常常会观察到钢的非平衡组织中存在颜色和形态比较相似的显微组织, 初学者往往容易出现误判。笔者以常用钢铁材料为例, 采用常规光学显微镜, 通过对组织形态、分布、颜色以及热处理工艺进行仔细比对, 总结归纳了铁素体与残余奥氏体、碳化物与残余奥氏体、低碳板条马氏体与羽毛状上贝氏体以及片状马氏体与下贝氏体等几种相似显微组织的鉴别方法, 以供金相检验人员参考。

In the daily microstructure testing, there are always some similar microstructures in both color and shape in the disequilibrium microstructures of steels, and they are difficult to be identified by the new learners. With the commonly used irons and steels as examples, by careful comparison of the microstructure shape, distribution and color with the optical microscope combined with analyzing the heat treatment process, the identification methods between ferrite and retained austenite, carbide and retained austenite, low-carbon lath martensite and featherlike upper bainite, and needlelike martensite and needlelike lower bainite were summarized to provide reference to the metallographic workers.