金属粉化失效及其控制
Metal Dusting Failure and Its Control
摘 要
金属粉化失效是指铁、镍基合金在高碳活度(aC>1)气氛中由于渗碳导致其分解为石墨和金属颗粒而发生的灾难性破坏。综述了金属粉化失效的特征及机理，阐述了金属粉化失效的影响因素，并提出了相应的应对措施。结果表明: 金属粉化失效一般发生在400～800 ℃，400 ℃以下便不再发生金属粉化失效; 镍基合金的抗粉化失效能力明显优于铁基合金，足够的铬含量会在金属表面形成Cr2O3保护层，提高合金的抗粉化失效能力; 同时硅元素和铝元素的加入对于抑制金属粉化失效的发生十分有利; 表面硬化处理和晶粒细化同样能够明显提高合金的抗粉化失效能力。
含碳气氛
铁基合金
镍基合金
metal dusting failure
carburizing atmosphere
Fe-base alloy
Ni-base alloy
Abstract
Metal dusting failure is a disintegration of Fe-base and Ni-base alloys to a dust of graphite and metal particles, occurring in carburizing atmospheres with aC>1. An overview of the characteristics and mechanisms of metal dusting failure were undertaken. Influencing factors were expounded and corresponding protection measurements were propounded. The results show that metal dusting failure was mostly occurred at temperatures of 400~800 ℃, and there would no metal dusting failure happening below 400 ℃. The metal dusting failure resistance of Ni-base alloys was superior to that of Fe-base alloys. Protective Cr2O3 film would form with sufficient Cr content to enhance the metal dusting failure resistance. Si and Al elements were also beneficial to anti metal dusting failure. Surface hardening and grain fining could improve the metal dusting failure resistance too.
中图分类号 TG171
所属栏目 综述
基金项目
收稿日期 2013/4/24
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备注梁春雷(1981-),男,工程师,硕士。
引用该论文: LIANG Chun-lei,AI Zhi-bin,LI Rong-rong. Metal Dusting Failure and Its Control[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part A:Physical Testing, 2013, 49(8): 528～532
梁春雷,艾志斌,李蓉蓉. 金属粉化失效及其控制[J]. 理化检验－物理分册, 2013, 49(8): 528～532
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参考文献
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【2】GRABKE H J. Carburization, carbide formation,metal dusting,coking[J]. Materiali in Tehnologije,2002,36(6):297-305.
【3】GRABKE H J. Metal dusting[J]. Materials and Corrosion,2003,54(10):736-746.
【4】GRABKE H J,MULLER-LORENZ E M. Occurrence and prevention of metal dusting on stainless steels[C]//Corrosion 2001.Houston:NACE International,2001:01373.
【5】KLWER J,GRABKE H J,MULLER-LORENZ E M,et al. Metal dusting and carburization resistance of nickel-base alloys[C]//Corrosion 1997.Houston:NACE International,1997:139.
【6】STRAUΒ S,GRABKE H J. Role of alloying elements in steels on metal dusting[J]. Materials and Corrosion,1998,49(5):321-327.
【7】BAKER B A,SMITH G D. Metal dusting behavior of high-temperature alloys[C]//Corrosion 1999.Houston:NACE International,1999:54.
【8】CHUN C M,RAMANARAYANAN T A,MUMFORD J D. Relationship between coking and metal dusting[J]. Materials and Corrosion,1999,50:634-639.
【9】CHUN C M,MUMFORD J D,RAMANARAYANAN T A. Carbon-induced corrosion of nickel anode[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society B,2000,147(10):3680-3686.
【10】CHUN C M,MUMFORD J D,RAMANARAYANAN T A. Mechanism of metal dusting corrosion of ion[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society B,2002,149(7):348-355.
【11】CHUN C M,MUMFORD J D,RAMANARAYANAN T A. Metal dusting corrosion of cobalt[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society B,2003,150(2):76-82.
【12】CHUN C M,RAMANARAYANAN T A. Metal-dusting corrosion of low-chromium steels[J]. Oxidation of Metals,2004,62(1/2):71-92.
【13】CHUN C M,RAMANARAYANAN T A. Metal dusting corrosion of austenitic 304 stainless steel[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society B,2005,152(5):169-177.
【14】CHUN C M,BHARGAVA G,RAMANARAYANAN,T A. Metal dusting corrosion of nickel-based alloys[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society C,2007,154(5):231-240.
【15】TOH C H. Metal dusting on heat-resistant alloys under thermal cyclic conditions[D]. Sydney:University of New South Wales,2002:1-250.
【16】JUDKINS R R,DEVAN J H,TORTORELLI P F,et al. Carbon formation and metal dusting in hot-gas cleanup systems of coal gasifiers[R]. Oak Ridge:Oak Ridge National Laboratory,1995:292-301.
【17】ALVAREZ J,MELO D,SALAS O,et al. Protective coatings against metal dusting[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2008,203:422-426.
【18】AGUERO A,GUTIERREZ M,KORCAKOVA L,et al. Metal dusting protective coatings[J]. Oxidation of Metals,2011,76(1/2):23-42.
【19】GEERS C,GALETZ M,SCHUTZE M. Investigation of the effect of the alloy 600 substrate for the stability of a Ni3Sn2 coating for metal dusting protection at 620 ℃[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2013,215:2-6.
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