管道安全关系到人类生命和财产安全，及时掌握管道结构健康状态是确保其安全运行的重要前提,近年来发展起来的光纤传感技术为管道结构的安全监测提供了技术保障。传感器的选择和使用是进行结构监测时首先考虑的问题，重点介绍了SOFO点式、FBG准分布式、BOTDR和BOTDA分布式光纤传感器等光纤传感技术的系统组成、基本原理及关键技术，对其性能和特点进行了对比分析；在此基础上，探讨了适用于管道变形监测的FBG和BOTDA光纤监测实用系统，及适用于管道泄漏监测的基于拉曼散射的OTDR分布式温度传感技术和基于模态分布调制干涉技术的油气管道检测系统。分析了其各自作为结构监测传感器的优缺点，为今后的管道监测选用提供了依据。

Pipeline safety is related to the human life and property security, and monitoring the state of pipeline structural health in time is the precondition to ensure pipeline safety running. The optical fiber sensing technology developed in recent several years provides technical support for pipeline safety monitoring. Since the choice and usage of sensors is first considered in structural monitoring, the systematic composition, basic principles and key technology of SOFO point sensors, FBG quasidistributed sensors, BOTDR and BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensors were presented in details, and their performance and features were further comparatively analyzed. On the basis of this, FBG and BOTDA optical fiber monitoring systems used to monitor pipeline deformation, and OTDR distributed temperature sensing technology based on Roman scattering effect and the oil and gas pipeline monitoring system based on mode distribution modulation interference technology were investigated. Their advantage and disadvantage applied as monitoring sensors were discussed, which provided selection foundation for future pipeline monitoring.