超声TOFD检测声波在不锈钢焊缝中的传播特性及其应用
The Characteristic and Application of the Wave Propagation in Ultrasonic TOFD Testing of Stainless Steel Weld
摘 要
由焊缝内部粗大柱状晶引起的声波衰减及散射噪声会给超声检测带来较大的困难.采用超声TOFD检测方法对奥氏体不锈钢焊缝进行检测;通过调整探头参数在焊缝中形成入射方向各异的检测声束,分析焊缝组织结构在各种声场条件下对缺陷衍射波幅度及信噪比的影响.结果显示:不锈钢焊缝中的超声波传播具有明显的各向异性特征,焊缝中不连续界面的取向与声束的夹角对检测波衰减及散射具有显著影响,优化声束入射方向能有效提高检测波信噪比;此外,建立了焊缝组织结构模型进一步解释了声波传播各向异性的形成机理,为优化检测参数提供了可靠的理论依据.
信噪比
超声TOFD
各向异性
Weld structure
Noise-signal ratio
Ultrasonic TOFD
Anisotropy
Abstract
Ultrasonic testing is difficult to be implemented well because of the acoustic noise and attenuation resulted by the big column grain in the weld.In the paper,ultrasonic TOFD method is adopted to inspect the defects in austenitic stainless steel weld.Ultrasonic beam with different incident angle is formed in the weld through adjusting experimental parameters,and then the influence of weld structures on amplitude of diffraction waves and signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed to reveal the ultrasonic propagation in the weld.The results indicate that the wave propagation in the weld shows obvious anisotropy characteristics,and the included angle of the ultrasonic beam and discontinuous boundary in weld have a significant impact on the wave attenuation and scattering,so optimizing the beam direction is liable to enhance noise-signal ratio and testing effect.Moreover,the mechanism of anisotropy is presented by constructing weld modal,which gives reliable theory evidence for optimizing testing parameters.
中图分类号 TG156 TG115.28 DOI 10.11973/wsjc201508013
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11104129);无损检测技术教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(ZD201029001)
收稿日期 2014/12/14
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备注孟贵云(1980-),男,工程师,主要从事质量管理工作.
引用该论文: MENG Gui-yun,ZHANG Shi-hong,CHEN Zhen-hua,LI Xin-lei,WANG Hong. The Characteristic and Application of the Wave Propagation in Ultrasonic TOFD Testing of Stainless Steel Weld[J]. Nondestructive Testing, 2015, 37(8): 51～56
孟贵云,张世宏,陈振华,李新蕾,王宏. 超声TOFD检测声波在不锈钢焊缝中的传播特性及其应用[J]. 无损检测, 2015, 37(8): 51～56
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【3】孙咸.不锈钢焊缝金属的组织演变及其影响[J].机械制造文摘,2012(6):6-10.
【4】BALASUBRAMANIUM T,BABY S,PARDIKAR R J.Time-of-flight diffraction technique for accurate sizing of surface breaking cracks[J].Insight,2003,45(5):600-604.
【5】BASKARAN G,BALASUBRAMANIAM K, LAKSHMANA R C.Shear-wave time of flight diffraction (S-TOFD) technique[J].NDT & E International,2006,39(6):458-467.
【6】杨双羊,盛朝阳,路燕,等.谱熵分析方法在TOFD信号特征提取中的应用[J].无损检测,2014,36(11):45-48.
【7】陈振华,胡怀辉,卢超.基于超声TOFD直通波及神经网络的近表面缺陷自动识别[J].无损检测,2014,36(3):14-24.
【8】盛朝阳,刚铁,迟大钊.基于分水岭方法的超声TOFD 检测图像分割[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(8):35-40.
【9】FERRAND A,DARMON M,CHATILLON S.Modeling of ray paths of head waves on irregular interfaces in TOFD inspection for NDE[J].Ultrasonics,2014,54:1851-1860.
【10】ANGAM P,VIJAYAREKHA K,SAJU T V.Signal quality enhancement using higher order wavelets for ultrasonic TOFD signals from austenitic stainless steel welds[J].Ultrasonics,2013,53:1288-1292.
【11】迟大钊,刚铁,高双胜.超声TOFD法检测信号相位识别技术[J].焊接学报,2011,32(9):17-20.
【12】孙晓娜,雷毅,张鹰.厚板奥氏体不锈钢焊缝显微组织分析[J].金属热处理,2006,31(10):21-23.
【13】林莉,杨平华,张东辉.厚壁铸造奥氏体不锈钢管道焊缝超声相控阵检测技术概述[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(4):12-19.
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