采用失重法和扫描电镜法,测定了五种缓蚀剂对浸没于8%盐酸介质中不锈钢的缓蚀作用,确定了在盐酸体系中对不锈钢具有较好缓蚀性的单组分、二元和三元缓蚀剂配方.实验结果表明:咪唑啉,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵具有较好的缓蚀效果;十六烷基三甲基溴化胺在使用浓度为700 mg/L时,缓蚀率为90.0%;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与三乙醇胺、咪唑啉及硫脲复配后,缓蚀剂各组分浓度为单组分最佳浓度一半的情况下,缓蚀率分别达到为91.8%、90.8%和89.7%,缓蚀剂的成本得以下降;三元复配缓蚀剂中,咪唑啉-硫脲-乌洛托品和咪唑啉-硫脲-三乙醇胺两种缓蚀剂的缓蚀率均高于90%,且使用成本低,是理想的盐酸体系不锈钢缓蚀剂.扫描电镜图像表明,添加了缓蚀剂的金属表面腐蚀轻微,表面光滑,且不存在明显的点蚀倾向,缓蚀剂对金属表面起到很好的保护作用.

The effects of 5 kinds of different corrosion inhibitors on the stainless steel immersed in 8% hydrochloric acid medium were tested respectively using weight-loss and scanning electron microscopy methods.The experiments indicated that imidazoline and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide had good anti-corrosion property.When hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used independently with concentration of 700 mg/L,the inhibitive efficiency was 90.0%.The corrosion inhibition efficiency of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide mixed with triethanolamine,imidazoline,and thiourea,respectively,were 91.8%,90.8%,89.7%.The inhibitive efficiency of the mixtures of imidazoline,thiourea,methenamine and imidazoline,thiourea,triethanolamine were all over 90%.The price of inhibitors are lower also,so they are the ideal composite corrosion inhibitors.The corrosion on the surface of metal in hydrochloric acid with inhibitors was slight,the surface of metal was smooth,and no pitting corrosion occurred.