研究了液-固相复合工艺制备铜包钢线时,钢线预热温度和表面处理对界面结合质量的影响.结果表明：钢芯线的预热温度提高,界面结合强度提高；但高于400 ℃时,由于钢线表面氧化而导致界面结合强度下降.钢芯线在预热300~400 ℃并助镀卤化物溶液的条件下,界面结合强度可达95 MPa;此时,界面处铜和钢晶粒直接接触,剥离几乎发生在铜层上,且粘结的铜分布均匀,结合强度接近甚至超过纯铜的抗剪强度.

The influences of preheating temperature and surface treatment method on interface of copper clad steel wire produced by liquid-solid bonding process were studied.Increasing preheating temperature improved the bonding strength of Cu/Fe at the interface.However,the bonding strength decreased due to oxidation at the surface of steel wire when the preheating temperature was beyond 300-400 ℃.It could reach 95 MPa as the steel wire was preheated to 400 ℃ and treated with acid and mechanical cleaning and plated with halide solution as well.Microstructure observation showed that the grains of copper and steel were in contact directly.In addition,SEM morphology and composition distribution at the torn fracture area indicated that the torn fracture nearly occurred in the copper layer and the copper adhered to steel core was well distributed,which promoted the bonding strength to approach or even surpass the shear strength of pure copper.