对比分析了布氏硬度试验国标GB/T 231与美标ASTM E10的差异,发现GB/T 231与ASTM E10对试验方法的规定基本相同，对试验力、试验力保持时间、最小试样厚度等技术指标要求不同;对检验周期、直接检验、间接检验的要求，两者差异较大，GB/T 231要求更为严苛、量化、具体，ASTM E10要求更为详尽、宽泛。最后，结合标准差异分析，对布氏硬度测试在石油装备行业应用过程中的常见问题进行了归纳总结。

The difference between Brinell hardness test standards of GB/T 231 and ASTM E10 were compared and analyzed, and it was found that the regulations about test method in GB/T 231 and ASTM E 10 are basically the same, except the technical indicators about test force, dwell time and minimum sample thickness. The requirements of verification schedule, direct verification and indirect verification are obviously different in the two standards, and GB/T 231 is strict, quantitative and specific and ASTM E10 is detailed and tolerant. In the end, according to the difference analysis between the two standards, the common problems of Brinell hardness test in oil equipment industry field were summarized and concluded.