在化工领域，输送腐蚀性介质的压力管道常用的材料为奥氏体不锈钢，而应力腐蚀开裂是奥氏体不锈钢压力管道最主要的失效方式。该文主要对奥氏体不锈钢压力管道应力腐蚀开裂的机理、主要影响因素及预防措施进行了分析讨论。分析发现:奥氏体不锈钢压力管道应力腐蚀开裂机理根据输送介质的不同可分为氢致应力腐蚀开裂和“滑移溶解断裂”模型；其腐蚀速率主要受拉应力、输送介质腐蚀性、运行温度、氢元素、输送介质对管壁的冲蚀等因素的影响；可通过采取合理选用材料及焊条、优化焊接工艺、避免产生应力集中点、防止腐蚀溶液富集、改变输送介质成分及运用阴极保护法等措施减缓应力腐蚀开裂的发生。

In the chemical industry field, the common material of pressure pipings for transporting corrosive medium is austenitic stainless steel, and stress corrosion cracking is the main failure mode for austenitic stainless steel. The stress corrosion cracking mechanism, main influence factors and preventive measures of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings were discussed and analyzed. The results show that the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings can be divided into hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking and ‘slipping-dissolving-fracture’ model. The corrosion rate was mainly affected by factors such as tensile stress, corrosivity of the transmission medium, operating temperature, hydrogen element, transmission medium washouting to the piping wall and so on. Measures such as choosing reasonable materials and electrode, optimizing welding process, avoiding forming stress concentration, preventing corrosion solution concentration, changing transmission medium compositions, applying cathodic protection and so on, can be adopted to reduce the stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel pressure pipings.