介绍了某型飞机全尺寸机体飞行载荷疲劳试验过程中对关键部件(包括不可接近部件)疲劳损伤的声发射(AE)实时监测技术。在强冲击、高振动背景下，利用基于时间、空间、幅度或能量滤波等多种信号处理方式，对预处理后的AE信号以趋势分析为主，多参数分析综合验证，另辅以其它方法(包括波形分析)，对一些关键部位的健康状态进行AE实时在线监测。成功预报了机翼对接区域某螺栓孔夹层裂纹的萌生，为保证机体飞行载荷疲劳试验顺利进行起到了重要作用。

The technology of acoustic emission(AE) real time monitoring the critical structures (including inaccessible components) during aircraft flight loading conditions fatigue test was introduced. In a noise background due to severe shock and vibration, first of all, AE signals were pre-processed based on time filtering, amplitude filtering, and energy filtering as well as based on spatial filtering techniques. After acquiring the pre-processed AE signal, we adopted a new AE signal analysis principle that gave priority to AE diagnostic parameter trend analysis, multi-parameter analysis identifications and further looked for others(including waveform analysis) as assistant method. Real time monitoring of these critical structures was realized, and was successful in predicting a crack initiation in an interlayer of a bolt hole. The mean of AE monitoring played a key role for the fulfillment of the flight loading conditions fatigue test(FLCFT).