采用扫描电子显微镜及其附带的X射线能谱仪对某水压试验时发生渗漏铜阀门的渗漏原因进行了分析。结果表明: 制造铜阀门的材质本身存在缺陷，主要是铅发生了大量偏析，造成材料局部区域铅含量偏高，同时在其周围形成了显微疏松、孔洞等缺陷，缺陷使得铜阀门强度降低，所以在压力加大的情况下，水就很容易从此区域发生渗漏。

Leakage reason of copper valves during hydraulic pressure test process was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope and its accompanying X-ray energy spectrometer. The results show that there were defects in the raw materials of the valves. There was a large number of Pb element segregation in the material, which resulted in the formation of defects such as porosities and holes around the Pb element segregation zone. These kinds of defects decreased the strength of the copper valves, so water leaked easily at the defect zone when the pressure increased to a certain degree.