Advance of Non-destructive Diffraction Measuring Internal Residual Stress in Crystal Materials
摘 要
目前能够准确、无损地测试材料内部残余应力的手段主要是中子衍射和同步辐射, 但这两种测试手段需要核反应堆或高能同步辐射源, 投资巨大, 只为少数发达国家的少数实验室所拥有, 难以应用到实际生产中。短波长X射线衍射仪通过钨靶-Kα特征射线(波长约0.02 nm)以及独特的谱接收方式, 达到或接近同步辐射及中子衍射对晶体材料内部晶格应变的无损定点测试, 为内部残余应力无损检测的广泛应用开辟了一条新的渠道。介绍了中子衍射和同步辐射对残余应力测试的国内外研究现状, 重点展示了短波长X射线衍射仪用于内部应力测试的结果, 并就三种测试方法特点进行了对比分析。
Abstract
Neutron diffraction and synchrotron radiation are the main methods for non-destructive measuring internal residual stress existed in crystal materials at present. However, the facilities used by these methods need huge investment as they require nuclear reactor or high energy synchrotron source, only several laboratories in few developed countries owned the diffraction spectrum-meter. The wide application in industries is restricted critically. Short-wavelength X-ray diffraction (SWXRD), exploiting the W-target-Kα ray (wavelength of about 0.02 nm) and distinctive spectrum receive mode, achieves a high penetration depth and accurately measure the lattice strain with non-destructive method like neutron diffraction and synchrotron radiation. It is a new practical way to measure internal residual stress non-destructively. The advances of measuring residual stress by neutron diffraction and synchrotron radiation at home and abroad were reviewed. The test results of internal residual stress gained by short-wavelength X-ray diffractometer were revealed. The three kinds of diffraction methods of measuring internal stress non-destructively were compared and analyzed.
中图分类号 O348.6 TL99
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收稿日期 2010/4/9
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备注张 津(1963-),女, 教授, 博士。
引用该论文: ZHANG Jin,GAO Zhen-huan,MOU Jian-lei,ZHENG Lin,HE Chang-guang. Advance of Non-destructive Diffraction Measuring Internal Residual Stress in Crystal Materials[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part A:Physical Testing, 2010, 46(11): 695~700
张津,高振桓,牟建雷,郑林,何长光. 晶体材料内部残余应力衍射法无损检测的研究进展[J]. 理化检验-物理分册, 2010, 46(11): 695~700
被引情况:
【1】郭学博,张津,李峰, "搅拌摩擦焊接件内部残余应力无损测试研究进展",理化检验-物理分册 48, 228-234(2012)
【2】窦作勇,张鹏程,李云,王茂银,董平,陈力,郑林,裴利程, "铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头内部残余应力的短波长X射线测试",机械工程材料 39, 107-110(2015)
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参考文献
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【24】GANGULY S, STELMUKH V, EDWARDS L, et al. Analysis of residual stress in metal-inert-gas-welded Al-2024 using neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008, 491(1/2): 248-257.
【25】PARADOWSKA A, PRICE J W H, IBRAHIM R, et al. A neutron diffraction study of residual stress due to welding[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164/165: 1099-1105.
【26】WITHERS P J, TURSKI M, EDWARDS L, et al. Recent advances in residual stress measurement[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2008, 85: 118-127.
【27】PYZALLA A R, REIMERS W, LISS K D. A comparison of neutron and high energy synchrotron radiation as tools for texture and stress analysis[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2000, 347-349: 34-41.
【28】STEUWER A, SANTISTEBAN J R, TURSKI M, et al. High-resolution strain mapping in bulk samples using full-profile analysis of energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2005, 238(1-4): 200-204.
【29】HUGHES D J, CHEN Z. High resolution near-surface stress determination using synchrotron X-rays[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2005, 238(1-4): 214-218.
【30】周兴泰. 上海光源同步辐射线站简介及其应用[C]//第15届全国残余应力会议. 重庆: [s. n.], 2009.
【2】TANALA E, BOURSE G, BELLEVAL M, et al. Determination of near surface residual stresses on welded joints using ultrasonic methods[J]. NDT & E International, 1995, 28(2): 83-88.
【3】ZHENG Lin, HE Chang-guang, PENG Zheng-kun. Measuring Device for the Shortwavelength X Ray Diffraction and a Method Thereof: US, 7,583,788 B2[P]. 2009-09-01; 郑林, 何长光, 彭正坤. 短波长X射线衍射测量装置和方法: 中国, 200410068880.2[P]. 2005-03-02.
【4】郑林, 张津, 何长光, 等. 短波长X射线衍射仪的最新研究进展[C]//第15届全国残余应力会议. 重庆: [s. n.], 2009.
【5】WITHERS P J, PREUSS M, WEBSTER P J, et al. Residual strain measurement by synchrotron diffraction[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2002, 404-407: 1-12.
【6】ALLEN A, ANDREANI C, HUTCHINGS M T, et al. Measurement of internal stress within bulk materials using neutron diffraction[J]. NDT International, 1981, 14(5): 249-254.
【7】PINTSCHOVIUS L, JUNG V, MACHERAUCH E, et al. Residual stress measurements by means of neutron diffraction[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 1983, 61(1): 43-50.
【8】PRASK H J, CHOI C S. NDE of residual stress in uranium by means of neutron diffraction[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1984, 126(2): 124-131.
【9】ALLEN A J, HUTCHINGS M T, WINSOR C G, et al. Neutron diffraction methods for the study of residual stress fields[J]. Advances in Physics, 1985, 34(4): 445-473.
【10】DAYMOND M R, JOHNSON M W, SIVIA D S. Analysis of neutron diffraction strain measurement data from a round robin sample[J]. Journal of Strain Analysis, 2002, 37(1): 73-85.
【11】HOLDEN T, KRAWITZ A D, ANDERSON I. Neutron sources in north America: present and future[J]. Journal of Metals, 2006, 58: 64-67.
【12】PRATIHAR S, STELMUKH V, HUTCHINGS M T, et al. Measurement of the residual stress field in MIG-welded Al-2024 and Al-7150 aluminium alloy compact tension specimens[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, 437: 46-53.
【13】AHMEDA R, YUA H, STOICAA V, et al. Neutron diffraction residual strain measurements in post-treated thermal spray cermet coatings[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 498: 191-202.
【14】BARTOLOM J F, BRUNO G, DEAZA A H. Neutron diffraction residual stress analysis of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composites[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2008, 28: 1809-1814.
【15】ISO/TS 21432:2005Non-destructive Testing——Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by Neutron Diffraction[S].
【16】PRATIHAR S, TURSKI M, EDWARDS L, et al. Neutron diffraction residual stress measurements in a 316L stainless steel bead-on-plate weld specimen[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2009, 86(1): 13-19.
【17】李际周, 李峻宏, 高建波, 等. 中国先进研究堆中子应力谱仪及其应用[C]//第15届全国残余应力会议. 重庆: [s. n.], 2009.
【18】FITCH A N, CATLOW C R A, ATKINSON A. Measurement of stress in nickel oxide layers by diffraction of synchrotron radiation[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1991, 26: 2300-2304.
【19】WEBSTER P J, WANG X D, MILLS G. Through-thickness strain scanning using synchrotron radiation[J]. Materials Science Forum, 1996, 228-231: 227-232.
【20】STELMUKH V, EDWARDS L, SANTISTEBAN J R, et al. Weld stress mapping using neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2002, 404-407: 599-604.
【21】WEBSTER P J, HUGHES D J, MILLS G, et al. Synchrotron X-ray measurements of residual stress in a worn railway rail[C]// 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6). Portugal: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2002: 767-772.
【22】PARADOWSKA A M, PRICE J W H, FINLAYSON T R, et al. Comparison of neutron and synchrotron diffraction measurements of residual stress in bead-on-plate weldments[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2010, 132/011502: 1-8.
【23】ZHANG S Y, VENTER A, VORSTER W J J, et al. High-energy synchrotron X-ray analysis of residual plastic strains induced in shot-peened steel plates[J]. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2008, 43(4): 229-241.
【24】GANGULY S, STELMUKH V, EDWARDS L, et al. Analysis of residual stress in metal-inert-gas-welded Al-2024 using neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008, 491(1/2): 248-257.
【25】PARADOWSKA A, PRICE J W H, IBRAHIM R, et al. A neutron diffraction study of residual stress due to welding[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164/165: 1099-1105.
【26】WITHERS P J, TURSKI M, EDWARDS L, et al. Recent advances in residual stress measurement[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2008, 85: 118-127.
【27】PYZALLA A R, REIMERS W, LISS K D. A comparison of neutron and high energy synchrotron radiation as tools for texture and stress analysis[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2000, 347-349: 34-41.
【28】STEUWER A, SANTISTEBAN J R, TURSKI M, et al. High-resolution strain mapping in bulk samples using full-profile analysis of energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2005, 238(1-4): 200-204.
【29】HUGHES D J, CHEN Z. High resolution near-surface stress determination using synchrotron X-rays[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2005, 238(1-4): 214-218.
【30】周兴泰. 上海光源同步辐射线站简介及其应用[C]//第15届全国残余应力会议. 重庆: [s. n.], 2009.
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