阐述了材料测试与表征技术在材料科学与工程研究以及现代制造业中具有的重要地位和作用，描述了材料测试与表征技术关于材料成分、组织结构、物理性能和力学性能等方面的分析测试技术和方法的内涵及其发展，指出了面对新技术、新材料的飞速发展，传统的常规性能检测所遇到的挑战，展望了21世纪的材料检测技术正朝着科学、先进、快速、简便、精确、自动化、多功能和综合性等方向发展，并已成为一种多门类、跨学科的综合性技术。

The important significances and the great roles of the technologies of materials testing and characterization played in the fields of materials science and technology as well as modern manufacture industry has been first set froth. Then,the connotation and developments of the present technologies and methods for materials testing and characterization about composition,microstructure,physical and mechanical properties are introduced. Facing the challenge of the fast developments of new materials and technology,the advanced technologies of materials testing and characterization for 21′st centrury are prospected,which is a multiple technology with multi-category and inter-disciplinary being characteristic of science,advance,high-speed,simplicity and convenience,precision,automation,and multifunction and so on.