残余应力(σR)是环境敏感开裂(ESC)的三个重要因素之一。无论是应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)、氢致开裂(HIC),或者是腐蚀疲劳开裂(CFC),都存在一个开裂的阈值或条件阈值(σSCC,KISCC,σHIC,KIHIC或σ-1CF,ΔKth)。而σR可以单独存在,也可以与工作应力(σW)组合导致ESC。叙述了残余应力与环境敏感断裂的关系和实例,提出了残余应力测定对确保工程部件的安全运行及正确寿命评估的必要性和重要性。

Residual stress is the one of three factors of environment sensitive cracking.there is a threshold stress for stress corrosion cracking,hydrogen induce cracking and corrosion fatigue cracking respectively. Residual stress can be measured,but can not be seen matronly,which existed and combined with working stress. To make failure of parts in industries. The relationship between residual stress with ESC was described,and the importance for maintain safe operation and safety evaluation in Engineering was pointed out.