采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了中草药中重金属元素(铁、锰、铜、锌、镉、铅)的含量,并对中草药的生长环境土壤中重金属元素的化学形态及其分布进行了研究.文中提出了中草药样品用硝酸-过氧化氢-水(5+2+1)混合溶液消解,并叙述了土壤样品中元素的各种形态(水溶态、可溶态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物态、有机质结合态)的提取方法和试液.结果表明:所测中草药中重金属元素含量明显低于土壤中元素的含量;土壤中铁、锌、铜主要以有机质结合态存在,锰以铁锰氧化物态为主.几种药材中均含有较高量的铁、锰、锌,土壤中也含有较高量的有效态铁、锰、锌,说明中草药与土壤中重金属之间存在有生物迁移作用.

ICP-AES was used in the determination of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in traditional Chinese herbs (TCH′s),and in the study of chemical species and distribution of the heavy metal elements in their growing soil.Samples of TCH′s were digestion with mixture of HNO3-H2O2-H2O(5+2+1).Methods for extraction of the species (including water-soluble species,soluble species,combined carbonate species,iron and manganese oxides species and organic species) of the soil sample and preparation of the respective extracting agent were described in detail. It was found that: the contents of heavy metal elements found in TCH′s were lower than those in soil;the main species of Fe,Zn and Cu were found as organic species,Mn was found mainly in mixed oxides of Mn and Fe;and the contents of Fe,Mn and Zn were found to be high both in the herbs and in soil;and that biological migrating of the heavy metal elements between soil and the herbs was in existence.