对不同室温、不同试验速率条件下,不同化学成分的304不锈钢的抗拉强度试验结果进行了比较分析, 并测试了拉伸试验前后不锈钢的马氏体含量。结果表明：按照室温拉伸试验方法标准GB/T 228.1-2010规定的试验温度范围和试验速率范围对304不锈钢进行拉伸试验时, 环境温度是导致抗拉强度测定结果波动的主要影响因素, 当试验温度在10～35 ℃变化时, 测得的抗拉强度可能会相差120 MPa; 当温度较低、试验速率较慢时, 马氏体生成容易度指标TMd30越高的304不锈钢, 越容易发生马氏体转变, 从而导致抗拉强度测定结果快速增大。

The tensile strength of 304 stainless steels with different chemical compositions was investigated at different environment temperatures and with different tensile rates, and the martensite contents of each stainless steel were also measured before and after tensile test. The results indicate that when the tests were carried out under the temperature and rate ranges prescribed in the standard of tensile test method at room temperature — GB/T 228.1-2010, the measured tensile strength of 304 stainless steels was mainly influenced by environment temperature. And when the environment temperature fluctuated between 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, the measured tensile strength might have a difference about 120 MPa. Under the condition of lower environment temperature and test rate, the higher the TMd30 value of 304 stainless steel was, the easier the martensite transformation was, which induced a rapid increase of tensile strength.