首先概括介绍了失效模式的定义和分类以及断裂的分类, 然后总结介绍了各种一级失效模式的判别方法以及各种断裂源分析技术, 最后举例介绍了宏观分析技术在失效分析中的应用及重要性。结果表明: 在机械装备的失效分析中, 深入细致的宏观分析可以缩小分析范围, 确定分析对象, 明确分析方向, 在整个失效分析过程中具有引领作用; 宏观分析技术在一级失效模式的判定和主裂纹或断裂源的判定方面具有广泛的应用, 特别是在变形失效、腐蚀失效和磨损失效等方面具有重要的作用, 一些由缺陷引起的失效原因依据宏观分析技术基本上就可以定性。

Firstly, the definition and classification of failure modes and the classification of fracture were briefly introduced. Then, the distinguishing methods of all kinds of first-order failure modes and the analysis technique of fracture source were summarized. Finally, the application and importance of macro analysis technique in failure analysis were exemplified. The results show that in machanical equipment failure analysis, thorough and detailed macro analysis could help to narrow the analysis range, determine the analysis object and clear the analysis direction, and it plays a leading role in the whole process of failure analysis. The macro analysis technology has been widely used in the determination of the first-order failure modes and the determination of the main cracks or the fracture sources. Especially, it has an important role in deformation failure, corrosion failure and wear failure. Some failure reasons caused by defects could be found out only through macro analysis technique.