通过理论分析与试验验证相结合的方法, 进行了基于熔融沉积制造(FDM)建筑3D打印效率的关键影响因素分析与试验研究。在理论分析部分, 一方面提出了3D打印效率的公式, 另外一方面对各因素对3D打印效率的影响进行了系统分析。在试验验证部分, 通过设置不同的工况, 控制其他因素不变的情况下对某一因素对3D打印效率的影响分别进行了定量化的试验验证。结果表明: 影响3D打印效率的因素众多, 主要包括3D打印前的准备时间、打印物体的体量、打印物体的复杂程度、打印时的打印精度、打印强度、打印的内支撑形式以及其他因素影响的打印时间, 且各因素影响的程度不同。最后对建筑3D打印领域打印效率的研究进行了展望。

By combining theoretical analysis with experimental verification, the key influencing factors of efficiency of building 3D printing based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) were analyzed and studied. In the part of theory analysis, on one hand, the formula of the efficiency of 3D printing was proposed; on the other hand, various factors influencing the efficiency of 3D printing were analyzed systematically. In the part of experiments, by setting different operating modes, the effect of different factors on the efficiency of 3D printing under the condition of controlling other factors unchanged was carried out on quantitative experiment respectively. The results indicate that many factors could influence the efficiency of 3D printing, mainly including the preparing time before 3D printing, the size of printing object, the complex degree of printing object, the layer resolution, print strength and print pattern and other factors, and the influence degree of each factor was different. Finally, the research on printing efficiency in the field of building 3D printing was prospected.