利用化学成分分析、残余应力测试、力学性能试验等方法, 探讨了冷矫直对压力容器用钢拉伸性能的影响。结果表明: 样坯冷矫直后, 屈服强度偏大, 抗拉强度、断后伸长率及断面收缩率基本不变；样坯冷矫直+退火处理后, 屈服强度和抗拉强度均偏小, 断后伸长率及断面收缩率变化不明显；冷矫直影响压力容器用钢力学性能的主要原因是冷矫直后产生了残余应力, 出现了应变硬化, 使材料的屈服强度增加。

The effects of cold straightening on the mechanical property of pressure vessel steels were discussed by means of chemical composition analysis, residual stress test and mechanical property test. The results show that after cold straightening, the yield strength of the samples increased, and the tensile strength, elongation and shrinkage were basically unchanged. After the samples were cold straightened and annealed, both the yield strength and the tensile strength decreased, and the elongation and shrinkage were basically unchanged. The main reason for the cold straightening affecting the mechanical property of pressure vessel steels was that the residual stress produced and the strain hardening appeared after cold straightening, which increased the yield strength of the material.