采用仪器化冲击试验对碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)与碳化硅晶须(SiCw)增强铝基复合材料的冲击能量与缺口形状、摆锤刃口半径的关系进行了研究, 并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对冲击断口的形貌及成分进行了分析。结果表明:与不开缺口试样相比, 采用U型缺口试样进行试验时, 得到的冲击总能量较稳定, 不同摆锤刃口半径之间的冲击总能量相差较小, 推荐采用U型缺口试样进行SiCp与SiCw增强铝基复合材料的夏比冲击试验;SiCp增强铝基复合材料的断裂以SiC颗粒解理脆性断裂为主,SiCw增强铝基复合材料的断裂是脆性断裂+韧性断裂的混合型断裂。

The influences of notched shape and pendulum edge radius on the impact energy of SiC particles (SiCp) and SiC whiskers (SiCw) reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated by instrumented impact test. The impact fracture morphology and compositions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that when U-notch specimens were used for impact test, compared with non-notched specimens, the obtained impact total energy was stabler and impact total energy difference with different pendulum edge radii was smaller, so U-notch specimens were recommended to Charpy impact test for SiCp and SiCw reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The cleavage brittle fracture of SiC particles was the main fracture of SiCp reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and the fracture of SiCw reinforced aluminum matrix composite was brittle and ductile mixed fracture.