以九水合硝酸铝、六水合硝酸镧为原料，柠檬酸为络合剂，通过低温固相反应法制备铝酸镧前驱体，分析了该前驱体的组成及热分解过程；将铝酸镧前驱体在不同温度下煅烧制备铝酸镧粉体，研究了铝酸镧粉体的合成温度以及煅烧温度对铝酸镧粉体形貌、粒径和比表面积的影响。结果表明：铝酸镧前驱体中形成了含有La-O-Al键的络合物，当煅烧温度达到700℃时开始生成铝酸镧晶体；随着煅烧温度的升高，铝酸镧晶体的晶格畸变程度减小，晶粒逐渐长大，粉体结晶度不断提高，粒径则逐渐减小；在1 000℃煅烧得到铝酸镧粉体的粒径最小，为0.310 μm，比表面积最大，为16.58 m²·g^-1。

The lanthanum aluminate precursor was prepared by the low temperature solid state reaction method using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate as raw materials and citric acid as complexant. The composition and thermal decomposition process of the precursor were analyzed. Then the lanthanum aluminate precursor was calcined at different temperatures to obtain the lanthanum aluminate powder. The synthesis temperature and the calcination temperature effect on the morphology, grain size and specific surface area of the lanthanum aluminate powder were all studied. The results show that the complex compound containing La-O-Al bond was formed in the lanthanum aluminate, and when the calcination temperature reached 700℃, the lanthanum aluminate grains began to form. With the increase of the calcination temperature, the lattice distortion of the lanthanum aluminate grain decreased and the grain size gradually increased, while the crystallinity of the powder increased and the powder particle size decreased gradually. At the calcination temperature of 1 000℃, the obtained lanthanum aluminate powder had the minimal particle size of 0.310 μm and the maximal specific surface area of 16.58 m²·g^-1.