采用拉伸试验机对304奥氏体不锈钢进行了不同程度的塑性预应变，然后利用新型低温气体渗碳工艺对其进行渗碳处理，最后通过残余应力仪、X射线衍射仪、铁素体测量仪等分析了预应变对304奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳的影响。结果表明：预应变后304奥氏体不锈钢中发生了马氏体相变，马氏体转变量随着变形程度的增大而增多，当预应变超过15%后马氏体转变量的增加比较显著；预应变几乎不会影响其渗碳层的厚度，且渗碳层中的马氏体转变为扩张奥氏体（γ_C）；预应变不影响304奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳的表面强化效果。

Plastic pre-strain test was carried out on servo hydraulic tensile testing machine for 304 austenitic stainless steel, then a new low temperature gaseous carburizing process for austenitic stainless steel was used. The residual stress analyzer, X-ray diffraction and ferrite measuring instrument were used to investigate the effect of pre-strain on low temperature gaseous carburization of 304 austenitic stainless steel. The results indicate that martensite transformation was present in 304 austenitic stainless steel after tensile deformation. The volume fraction of martensite increased with increase of deformation degree and it rised obviously when the pre-strain was more than 15%. The thickness of carburized layer was the same regardless of the deformation degree and martensite in carburized layer changed into expansion austenite (γ_C). The pre-strain did not affect the surface strengthening of low temperature gaseous carburization for 304 austenitic stainless steel.