从试验方法、硬度计的检定/校准、硬度块的检定/校准等方面，对硬度试验的ASTM标准与国内标准（包括国家标准和国家计量检定规程）进行了对比分析，找出两者之间存在的主要差异，并对硬度试验ASTM标准的特点进行了总结，为国内标准的制定及应用提供借鉴；另外还介绍了硬度试验ASTM标准在国际转包生产业务中的应用，为更好地理解和应用外贸标准提供参考。

From the test method, verification and calibration of the hardness testing machines, verification and calibration of the hardness blocks and so on, the provisions of ASTM standards and the relevant domestic standards (including national standards and national regulation for metrological verification) for hardness test were compared and analyzed respectively to find out the main differences between ASTM standards and domestic standards. The characteristics of ASTM standards for the hardness test were summarized to provide a reference for the development and application of the domestic standards. In addition, the application of the ASTM standards for hardness test in the international subcontracting production business was introduced to provide a reference for better understanding and applying the foreign trade standards.