采用宏观观察、金相检验、电镜与能谱分析等方法，对某原油输出终端输油管线弯头处穿孔失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明：穿孔失效主要是由管线内油气介质对弯管外弧侧内壁的冲刷造成的管壁厚度减小而引起的，此外腐蚀导致的弯管外弧侧外壁厚度的减小也起到了一定的作用；为了防止穿孔失效的发生，在管线焊接时，应注意控制直管与弯管连接的焊缝余高，以减少湍流，减轻其对弯管的冲刷；同时注意管线的外部保护。

Using the test methods of macroscopic observation, metallographic examination, electronic microscope and energy spectrum analysis, the perforation failure cause at the elbow of crude oil terminal pipeline was analyzed. The results show that the inner-wall at outer arc side of the elbow pipe was eroded by the oil and gas medium in the pipeline, leading to the decrease of the pipe wall thickness, which caused the perforation failure; the decrease of outer-wall thickness at outer arc side of the elbow pipe caused by corrosion also had some effects on the failure. In order to prevent the perforation failure, the weld reinforcement of the straight and elbow pipes join should be controlled carefully during the welding of pipeline, realizing the reduction of turbulence to reduce the erosion of elbow pipe. Also the external protection of the pipelines should be considered.