采用X射线衍射法测定了圆棒表面的残余应力，讨论了检测方法、检测设备状态、试样状态等因素对检测结果的影响。结果表明：在表面残余应力测定过程中，应在检测设备稳定工作的前提下，根据材料类型和晶体结构来选择检测参数，考虑试样的割取与保护对检测结果的影响；对于组织状态复杂的材料，可适当增加摆动角来提高检测精度。

The surface residual stress of steel bars was measured by X-ray diffraction method. The influence of testing methods, testing equipment status, sample state etc. on the testing results was analyzed. The results show that:when the surface residual stress was measured, under the premise of stable state of the testing equipments, the testing parameters should be selected according to the material type and crystal structure, and the influence of the sample cutting and protection on the testing results should be taken into account; with regard to the materials of complex structure, the swinging angle could be increased to enhance the testing precision.