论述了关于洛氏硬度试验标准GB/T 230.1-2009和GB/T 230.2-2012的规定在可行性和有效性方面存在的问题，指出了直接检验方法不能帮助工业试验室有效保证测试硬度的准确性，而用GB/T 230.2-2012给出的最大允许误差作为控制限，不能满足要求较高测试精度试验室的需要。采用无时效的大批量具有相同标称值的标准硬度块进行长期的期间核查，可以对硬度计进行全生命周期稳定性的监测；结合专业计量部门每年的间接校验，全生命周期监测方法可以保证硬度计的稳定性，同时也保证了硬度计的溯源性和准确性。利用无时效标准硬度块监测硬度计全生命周期的数据，采用统计过程控制图或者趋势图的方法比GB/T 230.2-2012规定的最大允许误差方法能够更灵敏地反映硬度计测试结果的偏差，更好地保证硬度计的精度。

The problems existing in the practicability and validity of Rockwell hardness test standards of GB/T 230.1-2009 and GB/T 230.2-2012 were discussed. It is pointed out that direct verification of Rockwell hardness machines to ensure hardness results correct is impracticable for industry laboratories. Another problem is that the control method with permissible bias Rockwell unit in GB/T 230.2-2012 will be invalidity for some laboratories which require better accuracy. Using a large number of reference hardness blocks without aging effect and with the same reference hardness values to monitor the long-term stability of hardness machines in full life circle, combined with indirect verification of the professional measurement department every year, is a valid method for tracing and accuracy. With the daily verification data of these reference hardness blocks to draw statistical process control chart or tendency chart can show the departure of the hardness machines better and guaranteed the accuracy of the hardness machines better than with permissible bias Rockwell unit in GB/T 230.2-2012 for hardness test results.