介绍了康普顿背散射技术的原理、技术特点及其在固体火箭发动机检测中的应用前景。依据固体火箭发动机燃烧室结构，制备了燃烧室模拟脱粘缺陷试样。使用ComScan 160Ⅱ型康普顿背散射成像检测系统，对模拟试样进行了初步检测。结果表明：康普顿背散射成像系统能够有效检测出固体火箭发动机第一、第二界面脱粘以及绝热层内部脱粘等缺陷，对复合材料表面及近表面缺陷的单侧检测具有较大的优势，为大型工件单侧检测提供了可能。

This paper introduces the principle, technical characteristics and application prospect of Compton backscatter technology in SRM testing. According to the structure of the SRM chamber, simulated samples of debonding defect in the chamber were prepared. The ComScan 160ⅡCompton backscatter imaging system was used to test the simulated samples. The results show that the Compton backscatter imaging system can effectively test the defects in the first and second interfaces of the solid rocket motor, as well as the internal debonding in the insulation layer. Therefore, the Compton backscatter imaging system has the obvious advantage in testing the surface and near surface defects of the composite materials in one side, and opens up the possibility for testing the large products.