利用自行研制的多通道电位自动采集装置，测试了铸铁、碳钢和低合金钢等黑色金属材料在青岛和舟山海水中为期120 d的腐蚀电位，对其在天然海水中的腐蚀电位变化规律及其稳定腐蚀电位进行了分析。结果表明：在海水中黑色金属的腐蚀电位随时间经历“减小-增大-稳定”的变化过程，初始电位大于稳定电位；合金元素含量高的稳定腐蚀电位正，合金元素含量低的稳定腐蚀电位负，钢的纯净化和晶粒细化对其腐蚀电位无明显影响；黑色金属在青岛和舟山海域中的稳定腐蚀电位次序大致相同，但数值不同。

The corrosion potentials of ferrous metals such as iron castings, carbon steels, low alloy steels in Qingdao and Zhoushan seawater for 120 days were measured by a self-made multi-channel potential data acquisition device. The change rules of corrosion potentials and steady corrosion potentials for these materials in the natural seawater were analyzed. The results show that the corrosion potentials of ferrous metals in seawater followed a process of "decreased-increased-steady". The initial potentials were higher than the steady potentials. The steady corrosion potentials of ferrous metals with more alloying elements were higher, and with less alloying elements were lower. Grain refining and purification for steels had less influence on the steady corrosion potential. The numerical values of steady corrosion potentials in Qingdao seawater were different from those in Zhoushan seawater for such ferrous metals, but the order of steady corrosion potentials was similar in these two kinds of seawater.