搅拌头转速对2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接中晶粒生长的影响
Effect of Rotation Speed of Stirring Head on Grain Growth in Friction Stir Welding of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy
摘 要
采用三维蒙特卡洛模型模拟2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接时焊核区的晶粒生长过程，建立蒙特卡洛步数与焊接区域温度历程、时间历程的关系，对不同搅拌头转速下焊核区晶粒尺寸的变化进行模拟，并通过相同焊接条件下晶粒尺寸的试验值对其进行验证。结果表明：三维蒙特卡洛模型可以较好地反映不同搅拌头转速下焊核区的晶粒尺寸变化，平均晶粒尺寸的模拟预测值与试验值吻合良好；焊核区平均晶粒尺寸随搅拌头转速的增加而增大；在相同搅拌头转速下，搅拌头前进侧的平均晶粒尺寸略大于后退侧的，焊核区中缝处上表面的平均晶粒尺寸最大。
搅拌头
蒙特卡洛模拟
晶粒尺寸
friction stir welding
stirring head
Monte Carlo simulation
grain size
Abstract
Three-dimensional Monte Carlo model was applied to simulate the grain growth process of the stirring zone during friction stir welding of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy. The relationship between the Monte Carlo steps and the temperature history and time history of the stirring zone was established. The variation of grain size in the stirring zone at different rotation speeds of stirring head was simulated and verified by the experimental values under the same welding conditions. The results show that the three-dimensional Monte Carlo model could reflect the changes of grain size in the stirring zone at different rotation speeds of stirring head well. The simulating predicted values of the average grain size were in good agreement with the experimental values. The average grain size in the stirring zone increased with the increase of the rotation speed of stirring head. The average grain size in the advancing side of the stirring head was slightly larger than that in the retreating side and the average grain size of the upper surface of the center seam in the stirring zone was the largest when the rotation speed of stirring head was the same.
中图分类号 TG402 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl201803015
所属栏目 物理模拟与数值模拟
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目（11572074，11232003）；国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划项目（2011CB013401）
收稿日期 2016/12/22
修改稿日期 2017/11/16
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注张昭(1979-),男,河北衡水人,教授,博士
引用该论文: ZHANG Zhao,HU Chaoping. Effect of Rotation Speed of Stirring Head on Grain Growth in Friction Stir Welding of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2018, 42(3): 80～86
张昭,胡超平. 搅拌头转速对2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接中晶粒生长的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(3): 80～86
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参考文献
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【3】PAN W X, LI D S, TARTAKOVSKY A M, et al. A new smoothed particle hydrodynamics non-Newtonian model for friction stir welding: Process modeling and simulation of microstructure evolution in a magnesium alloy [J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2013, 48(3): 189-204.
【4】CHANG C I, LEE C J, HUANG J C. Relationship between grain size and Zener-Holloman parameter during friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg alloys [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2004, 51(6):509-514.
【5】张昭, 吴奇. 搅拌针对搅拌摩擦焊接搅拌区晶粒影响研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程,2014, 37(5): 32-35.
【6】张晓宁. 蒙特卡洛法模拟Ti-IF钢退火状态下的晶粒长大[J]. 金属热处理, 2015, 40(7):172-175.
【7】CHO H H, HONG S T, ROH J H, et al. Three-dimensional numerical and experimental investigation on friction stir welding processes of ferritic stainless steel [J]. Acta Materialia, 2013, 61(7):2649-2661.
【8】邹青峰, 钱炜, 安丽, 等. 搅拌针形状对2A14铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和拉伸性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2015, 39(5):37-41.
【9】张昭, 陈金涛, 张洪武. 搅拌头尺寸变化对搅拌摩擦焊接的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2006, 34(1): 19-23.
【10】窦作勇, 张鹏程, 李云, 等. 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头内部残余应力的短波长X射线测试[J]. 机械工程材料, 2015, 39(3):107-110.
【11】张昭, 吴奇, 张洪武. 转速对搅拌摩擦焊接搅拌区晶粒尺寸影响[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(7): 1-7.
【12】SU H, WU C S, PITTNER A, et al. Thermal energy generation and distribution in friction stir welding of aluminum alloys [J]. Energy, 2014, 77: 720-731.
【13】YANG Z, SISTA S, ELMER J W, et al. Three dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of grain growth during GTA welding of titanium [J]. Acta Materialia, 2000, 48(20): 4813-4825.
【14】张昭, 吴奇, 万震宇, 等. 基于蒙特卡洛方法的搅拌摩擦焊接晶粒生长模拟[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2015,22(4): 172-177.
【15】SISTA S, YANG Z, DEBROY T. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of grain growth in the heat-affected zone of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel weld [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, 2000, 31(3): 529-536.
【16】GAO J H, THOMPSON R G. Real time-temperture models for Monte Carlo simulations of normal grain growth[J]. Acta Materialia, 1996, 44(11):4565-4570.
【17】DRIVER G W, JOHNSON K E. Interpretation of fusion and vaporisation entropies for various classes of substances, with a focus on salts [J]. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2014, 70:207-213.
【18】YANG C C, ROLLETT A D, MULLINS W W. Measuring relative grain boundary energies and mobilities in an aluminum foil from triple junction geometry [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 44(12):2735-2740.
【19】KIRCH D M, JANNOT E, MORA L A B, et al. Inclination dependence of grain boundary energy and its impact on the faceting and kinetics of tilt grain boundaries in aluminum [J]. Acta Materialia, 2008, 56(18):4998-5011.
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【21】KHODIR S A, SHIBAYANAGI T, NAKA M. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy [J]. Materials Transactions, 2006, 47(1): 185-193.
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