对316L不锈钢粉进行选择性激光熔化成形，利用正交试验方法分析激光功率、扫描速度和扫描间距对成形试样相对密度、拉伸性能和微观形貌的影响，得到了最佳工艺参数。结果表明：成形试样的抗拉强度、屈服强度和相对密度均随激光功率或扫描速度的增加先增后降，随扫描间距的增加而增大；伸长率随激光功率的增加先降后增，随扫描速度的增加而增大，随扫描间距的增加变化很小；最佳工艺参数组合为激光功率310 W，扫描速度960 mm·s^-1，扫描间距0.13 mm；在最佳工艺下成形后试样的相对密度、抗拉强度和屈服强度均最大，分别为99.53%，613 MPa和320 MPa，伸长率为44.6%，成形试样的表面平整，孔隙较小，拉伸断口上的韧窝细小均匀，且球化现象较少。

Selective laser melting forming was applied to 316L stainless steel powder. The effects of laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval on the relative density, tensile properties and micromorphology of formed samples were analyzed by the orthogonal method, and the optimal process parameters were obtained. The results show that the tensile strength, yield strength and relative density of the formed sample increased and then decreased with increasing laser power or scanning speed, and increased with increasing scanning interval. The elongation decreased and then increased with increasing laser power, increased with increasing scanning speed, and changed little with increasing scanning interval. The optimal process parameters obtained were as follows:laser power of 310 W, scanning speed of 960 mm·s^-1 and scanning interval of 0.13 mm. The relative density, tensile strength and yield strength of the formed sample with the optimal process parameters were the highest of 99.53%, 613 MPa and 320 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 44.6%; the formed sample had a smooth surface and small pores; the tensile fracture showed small and uniform dimples and less balling phenomena.