对GCr15轴承钢分别进行淬火+回火，淬火+回火+深冷，淬火+深冷+淬火，淬火+回火+深冷+回火处理，研究了深冷处理对GCr15轴承钢显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：与常规淬火+回火工艺相比，增加深冷处理工序后试样中残余奥氏体含量明显降低，硬度增大，耐磨性提高；淬火+深冷+回火处理试样的残余奥氏体含量最低，硬度最高，耐磨性最好，其磨损量比淬火+回火处理试样的减少了6%；深冷处理提高了GCr15轴承钢的抗疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损的能力。

GCr15 bearing steel was treated by quenching+tempering, quenching+tempering+deep cryogenic, quenching+deep cryogenic+tempering, quenching+tempering+deep cryogenic+tempering treatment, respectively, and the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of GCr15 bearing steel was discussed. The results show that comparing with that treated by traditional quenching+tempering treatment, the content of retained austenite in the samples treated by the process with addition of deep cryogenic treatment decreased, the hardness increased and wear resistance was improved. The content of retained austenite in the sample treated by quenching+deep cryogenic+tempering was the lowest, the hardness was the highest, the wear resistance was the best, and the wear loss was reduced by 6% compared with that treated by quending and tempering treatment. The deep cryogenic treatment improved the fatigue wear resistance and abrasive wear resistance of GCr15 bearing steel.