某HPB300钢筋表面出现了翘皮、裂纹、折叠、掉肉等缺陷，通过宏观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等方法对表面缺陷形成的原因进行了分析。结果表明：大量的非金属夹杂物是造成翘皮和裂纹缺陷的主要原因，轧辊槽形状不规则是产生裂纹的另一原因；轧制过程的前面道次出现耳子或者过充满导致产生折叠缺陷；轧制过程中外界金属或其他物质落在轧件表面，在后期加工过程中又脱落形成了掉肉缺陷。

Slab, crack, fold and pit defects appeared on the surface of HPB300 steel bars. The causes of surface defects were analyzed by macroscopical analysis, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the large number of non-metallic inclusions were the main reasons of slab and crack defects, and the irregular shape of the roll groove was another cause of crack defects. The ears or the overfilled billet had presented in the front pass of the rolling process caused the fold defects. The outside metal or other material falls on the surface of the rolled piece during rolling process, and the lost meat defects was formed after the later process.