Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stress of Large-Scale Gears after Induction Hardening
摘 要
对G35CrNiMo钢大型齿条的3种感应淬火工艺下的温度变化曲线、显微组织进行了分析,采用盲孔法并结合逐层剥离法测得齿条不同区域的残余应力;建立了齿条的有限元模型和电磁感应与热传导的耦合模型,模拟了齿条的残余应力分布,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:淬火温度较高时,齿条淬硬层中产生较大的热应力,导致齿条在淬火过程中开裂;采用先气淬、后水淬的工艺后淬硬层的温度差降低,热应力减小,有效避免了淬火开裂;齿条表面的最大瞬态拉应力出现在325℃等温线附近,沿齿条方向和垂直于齿条方向的应力大小非常接近,且计算结果与试验结果非常吻合。
Abstract
Temperature change curves and microstructures of G35CrNiMo steel large-scale gears under three induction hardening processes were analyzed. The residual stresses in different regions of gears were measured by blind-hole method combined with dissection method. The finite element model and coupling model of electromagnetic induction and thermal conduction were established. The residual stress distribution of gears was simulated and compared with the experiment results. The results show that high thermal stress appeared in the quenching layer at high quenching temperature, which led to cracking during quenching. The temperature gradient of the quenching layer decreased after gas quenching and followed by water quenching, and the thermal stress decreased; the quenching cracking could be avoided effectively. The maximum transient stress on the surface of gears appeared near the 325℃ isotherm line. The stress in the rack direction and perpendicular to the rack direction were close, and the calculated results were consistent with the experimental results.
中图分类号 TG162.73 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl201811015
所属栏目 物理模拟与数值模拟
基金项目 上海市晨光计划项目(15CGB23)
收稿日期 2018/7/10
修改稿日期 2018/10/15
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注宋晟(1985-),女,吉林吉林人,讲师,博士
引用该论文: SONG Sheng,LI Bingxue,WAN Bin,LU Hao. Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stress of Large-Scale Gears after Induction Hardening[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2018, 42(11): 73~78
宋晟,李冰雪,万斌,陆皓. 感应淬火后大型齿条残余应力的有限元模拟[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(11): 73~78
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参考文献
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【2】RAD A A, FOROUZAN M R, DOLATABADI S A. Three-dimensional fatigue crack growth modelling in a helical gear using extended finite element method[J]. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 2014, 37(6):581-591.
【3】OLMI G, COMANDINI M, FREDDI A. Fatigue on shot-peened gears:Experimentation, simulation and sensitivity analyses[J]. Strain, 2010, 46(4):382-395.
【4】PARIENTE I F, GUAGLIANO M. Influence of shot peening process on contact fatigue behavior of gears[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2009, 24(12):1436-1441.
【5】SACHER G, ZENKER R, SPIES H J. Duplex treatment of tools and components:Previous or subsequent electron beam hardening of thermochemically-treated and PVD hard-coated steels for tools and components[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2009, 24(7/8):800-805.
【6】SUGIANTO A, NARAZAKI M, KOGAWARA M, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental verification of carburizing-quenching process of SCr420H steel helical gear[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009, 209(7):3597-3609.
【7】KRISTOFFERSEN H, VOMACKA P. Influence of process parameters for induction hardening on residual stresses[J]. Materials and Design, 2001, 22(8):637-644.
【8】LINGAMANAIK S N, CHEN B K. The effects of carburising and quenching process on the formation of residual stresses in automotive gears[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2012, 62:99-104.
【9】PEHAN S, KRAMBERGER J, FLAŠU KER J, et al. Investigation of crack propagation scatter in a gear tooth's root[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2008,75(5):1266-1283.
【10】KUREK K. Numerical simulation of superficial induction hardening process[J]. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 2007, 29(1/2/3/4):84-102.
【11】BIERNACKI K, STRYCZEK J. Analysis of stress and deformation in plastic gears used in gerotor pumps[J]. Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2010, 45(7):465-479.
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