铝合金板材的残余应力主要产生于淬火过程中，而残余应力是导致航空航天用铝合金板材机加工变形的主要原因。采用X射线衍射法、超声波法和盲孔法分别对7050铝合金板材水浸淬火试样的残余应力进行了测试，并对3种方法的测试结果进行了对比和分析；采用超声波法对7075铝合金板材喷淋淬火试样的残余应力进行了测试。结果表明：超声波法测得的7050铝合金板材水浸淬火试样的残余应力分布规律与X射线衍射法和盲孔法测得的具有较好的一致性，板材近表层处的残余应力随着测试深度的增加而减小；7075铝合金板材喷淋淬火试样的残余应力随着辊速和喷水量的增大而增大。

Residual stress of aluminium alloy plates was mainly produced in quenching process, and residual stress was the main cause of deformation of aerospace aluminium alloy plates during machining. The residual stress of 7050 aluminium alloy plates sample after water quenching were tested by X-ray diffraction method, ultrasonic method and blind-hole method respectively, and the results of the three methods were compared and analyzed. The residual stress of 7075 aluminum alloy plates sample after spray quenching was tested by ultrasonic method. The results show that the residual stress distribution of 7050 aluminium alloy plates after water quenching tested by ultrasonic method was in good agreement with that tested by X-ray diffraction method and blind-hole method. The residual stress near the surface of the plate decreased with the increase of test depth. The residual stress of 7075 aluminum alloy plates sample after spray quenching increased with the increase of roll speed and water spray volume.