316L奥氏体不锈钢表面低温气体渗碳层的热稳定性能
Thermal Stability of Low Temperature Gas Carburized Layer on Surface of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
摘 要
对表面低温气体渗碳强化处理的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行300~400 ℃保温150，1 500，3 000 h时效处理，研究了时效温度及时间对表面渗碳层物相组成、厚度、纳米硬度和残余应力的影响，分析了其热稳定性能。结果表明：渗碳层在温度300~400 ℃的时效过程中无新型碳化物析出；在400 ℃时效时，碳原子向基体内部扩散，渗碳层厚度明显增加，当时效时间为3 000 h时，渗碳层与基体的界面消失，表面纳米硬度降至基体的50%；当在300 ℃时效时，渗碳层厚度、碳含量以及纳米硬度均没有明显变化，此温度下服役时渗碳层较为稳定；经300~400 ℃时效处理后，渗碳层的表面残余压应力均下降，且时效温度越高、时效时间越长，残余压应力下降的幅度越大。
低温气体渗碳
碳扩散
时效
热稳定性能
316L austenitic stainless steel
low temperature gaseous carburization
carbon diffusion
aging
thermal stability
Abstract
316L austenitic stainless steel was surface enhanced by low temperature gaseous carburization, and then aged at 300-400 ℃ for 150, 1 500, 3 000 h, respectively. The effects of aging temperature and time on phase composition, thickness, nano-hardness and residual stress of the carburized surface layer were investigated. The thermal stability was analyzed. The results show that no new carbides precipitated in the carburized layer during aging at 300-400 ℃. When aged at 400 ℃, carbon atoms diffused into the substrate, leading to an obvious thickness increase of the carburized layer. The interface between the carburized layer and the substrate disappeared, and the surface nano-hardness decreased to 50% that of substrate after aging at 400 ℃ for 3 000 h. When aged at 300 ℃, the thickness, carbon content and nano-hardness of the carburized layer changed little; the carburized layer was relatively stable during working at 300 ℃. After aging at 300-400 ℃, the surface residual compressive stress of the carburized layer decreased, and the decreasing amplitude was larger at a higher aging temperature or for a longer aging time.
中图分类号 TG156 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl201903002
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51475224）；江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目（14KJA470002）；江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科研创新计划项目（KYZZ16_0234）；江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目（PPZY2015A022）
收稿日期 2018/1/31
修改稿日期 2019/1/15
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注孙宁(1991-),男,山东枣庄人,硕士研究生
引用该论文: SUN Ning,JIANG Yong,CHEN Jinyan,PENG Yawei,GONG Jianming. Thermal Stability of Low Temperature Gas Carburized Layer on Surface of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2019, 43(3): 7～12
孙宁,姜勇,陈金燕,彭亚伟,巩建鸣. 316L奥氏体不锈钢表面低温气体渗碳层的热稳定性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2019, 43(3): 7～12
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参考文献
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【23】MARTINAVI ACČG IUS A, ABRASONIS G, SCHEINOST A C, et al. Nitrogen interstitial diffusion induced decomposition in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel[J]. Acta Materialia, 2012, 60(10):4065-4076.
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【28】荣冬松, 姜勇, 巩建鸣. 奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和渗碳实验及热动力学模拟研究[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(12):1516-1522.
【29】CHRISTIANSEN T, SOMERS M A J. Characterisation of low temperature surface hardened stainless steel[J]. Struers Journal of Materialography, 2006, 9(9):2-17.
【30】ERNST F, CAO Y, MICHAL G M, et al. Carbide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel carburized at low temperature[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(6):1895-1906.
【31】姜勇.奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳表面强化性能及在新能源中应用的研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2017.
【32】THAIWATTHANA S, LI X Y, DONG H, et al. Comparison studies on properties of nitrogen and carbon S phase on low temperature plasma alloyed AISI 316 stainless steel[J]. Surface Engineering, 2002, 18(6):433-437.
【2】梁磊, 赵阳, 刘世宏, 等. 凝汽器材料的耐磨蚀性能及电化学性能[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2015, 36(8):717-720.
【3】姜海一, 张雅琴, 贾国栋, 等. 奥氏体不锈钢制容器失效典型案例分析[C]//2006年全国失效分析与安全生产高级研讨会论文集. 北京:中国机械工程学会, 2006.
【4】韩栋, 刘道新, 刘树涛. 汽轮机低压转子2Cr13不锈钢叶片断裂分析[J]. 机械工程材料, 2007, 31(7):45-48.
【5】陈星, 姜涛, 陶春虎,等. 液压泵柱塞弹簧断裂失效分析[J]. 机械工程材料, 2009, 33(11):86-89.
【6】KOLSTER B H. Development of a stainless and wear-resistant steel[J]. Materialen, 1987, 8:1-12.
【7】ERNST F, CAO Y, MICHAL G M. Carbides in low-temperature-carburized stainless steels[J]. Acta Materialia, 2004, 52(6):1469-1477.
【8】LIU W J, BRIMACOMBE J K, HAWBOLT E B. Influence of composition on the diffusivity of carbon in steels:I. Non-alloyed austenite[J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1991, 39(10):2373-2380.
【9】CAO Y, ERNST F, MICHAL G M. Colossal carbon supersaturation in austenitic stainless steels carburized at low temperature[J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(14):4171-4181.
【10】SATOMI N, KANAYAMA N, WATANABE Y, et al. Effects of heat treatment conditions on formation of expanded-austenite phase in austenitic stainless steels by combining active screen and DC plasma carburizing processes[J]. Materials Transactions, 2017, 58(8):1181-1189.
【11】CHRISTIANSEN T L, STÅHL K, BRINK B K, et al. On the carbon solubility in expanded austenite and formation of Hägg carbide in AISI 316 stainless steel[J]. Steel Research International, 2016, 87(11):1395-1405.
【12】ICHⅡ K, FUJIMURA K, TAKASE T. Structure of the ion-nitrided layer of 18-8 stainless steel[J]. Technology Reports of Kansai University, 1986, 27:135-144.
【13】LEWIS D B, LEYLAND A, STEVENSON P R, et al. Metallurgical study of low-temperature plasma carbon diffusion treatments for stainless steels[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 1993, 60(1/2/3):416-423.
【14】O'DONNELL L J, MICHAL G M, ERNST F, et al. Wear maps for low temperature carburised 316L austenitic stainless steel sliding against alumina[J]. Surface Engineering, 2010, 26(4):284-292.
【15】CESCHINI L, CHIAVARI C, LANZONI E, et al. Low-temperature carburised AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel:Wear and corrosion behaviour[J]. Materials & Design, 2012, 38:154-160.
【16】SUN Y, CHIN L Y. Residual stress evolution and relaxation in carbon S phase layers on AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel[J]. Surface Engineering, 2002, 18(6):443-446.
【17】MICHAL G M, ERNST F, KAHN H, et al. Carbon supersaturation due to paraequilibrium carburization:Stainless steels with greatly improved mechanical properties[J]. Acta Materialia, 2006, 54(6):1597-1606.
【18】AGARWAL N, KAHN H, AVISHAI A, et al. Enhanced fatigue resistance in 316L austenitic stainless steel due to low-temperature paraequilibrium carburization[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(16):5572-5580.
【19】SUN Y. Corrosion behaviour of low temperature plasma carburised 316L stainless steel in chloride containing solutions[J]. Corrosion Science, 2010, 52(8):2661-2670.
【20】TSUJIKAWA M, YOSHIDA D, YAMAUCHI N, et al. Surface material design of 316 stainless steel by combination of low temperature carburizing and nitriding[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005, 200(1):507-511.
【21】MARTIN F J, LEMIEUX E, NEWBAUER T, et al. Localized corrosion resistance of LTCSS-carburized materials to seawater immersion[J]. ECS Transactions, 2007, 3(31):613-621.
【22】BUHAGIAR J, SPITERI A, SACCO M, et al. Augmentation of crevice corrosion resistance of medical grade 316LVM stainless steel by plasma carburising[J]. Corrosion Science, 2012, 59:169-178.
【23】MARTINAVI ACČG IUS A, ABRASONIS G, SCHEINOST A C, et al. Nitrogen interstitial diffusion induced decomposition in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel[J]. Acta Materialia, 2012, 60(10):4065-4076.
【24】LI X Y, THAIWATTHANA S, DONG H, et al. Thermal stability of carbon S phase in 316 stainless steel[J]. Surface Engineering, 2002, 18(6):448-451.
【25】ROTUNDO F, CESCHINI L, MARTINI C, et al. High temperature tribological behavior and microstructural modifications of the low-temperature carburized AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2014, 258:772-781.
【26】WANG J, LI Z, WANG D, et al. Thermal stability of low-temperature carburized austenitic stainless steel[J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 128:235-240.
【27】姜勇, 孙宁, 李洋, 等. 316L奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和气体渗碳层热稳定性研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 已接收.
【28】荣冬松, 姜勇, 巩建鸣. 奥氏体不锈钢低温超饱和渗碳实验及热动力学模拟研究[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(12):1516-1522.
【29】CHRISTIANSEN T, SOMERS M A J. Characterisation of low temperature surface hardened stainless steel[J]. Struers Journal of Materialography, 2006, 9(9):2-17.
【30】ERNST F, CAO Y, MICHAL G M, et al. Carbide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel carburized at low temperature[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(6):1895-1906.
【31】姜勇.奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳表面强化性能及在新能源中应用的研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2017.
【32】THAIWATTHANA S, LI X Y, DONG H, et al. Comparison studies on properties of nitrogen and carbon S phase on low temperature plasma alloyed AISI 316 stainless steel[J]. Surface Engineering, 2002, 18(6):433-437.
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