介绍了洛氏硬度与布氏硬度试验的原理，概述了GB/T 230.1-2018《金属材料洛氏硬度试验第1部分：试验方法》与GB/T 231.1-2018《金属材料布氏硬度试验第1部分：试验方法》相比旧版标准的技术内容变化，重点分析了两个新标准对硬度试验所提出的技术需求与实施方案。结果表明：两个新标准都特别强调了对测量结果有效性与溯源性的技术要求，建议国产硬度计制造企业与力学检测实验室及校准实验室加强交流、紧密合作，以适应硬度试验这一传统技术与时俱进的新要求。

The principles of Rockwell hardness test and Brinell hardness test were introduced. The technical content changes of GB/T 230.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Rockwell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method and GB/T 231.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Brinell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method compared with the previous standards were summarized, and the technical requirements and implementation measures proposed by the two new standards for the hardness test were analyzed emphatically. The results show that the two new standards both emphasize the technical requirements for the validity and traceability of measurement results. It is recommended that domestic hardness tester manufacturers and mechanics testing laboratories and calibration laboratories should strengthen communication and close cooperation to adapt to the new requirements of the traditional hardness test technology with the times.