通过采用控制图对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（GIS）零部件的硬度测试数据进行统计分析，以及采用因果图对GIS轴承杆划伤事故进行原因分析，分析了控制图与因果图在GIS零部件硬度质量管理中的应用。结果表明：控制图能够判断零部件硬度是否连续处于受控状态，及时发现异常现象，并采取相应的有效措施，从而保证零部件硬度的稳定性；因果图可以全面系统地分析导致零部件硬度不合格的各个因素，查明主要原因，并给出改善对策；通过控制图和因果图的应用，能够有效地指导GIS零部件硬度质量管理水平的提升。

By using the control chart to analyze statistically the hardness test data of components of the gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS), and using causality diagram to analyze the causes of scratch accident of GIS bearing rod, the application of control chart and causality diagram in the hardness quality management of GIS components was analyzed. The results show that the control chart can judge whether the hardness of the components is in a controlled state continuously, find abnormal phenomena in time, and take corresponding effective measures to ensure the stability of the hardness of the components. The causality diagram can comprehensively and systematically analyze the various factors that lead to the failure of the hardness of the components, identify the main reasons, and give improvement measures. Through the application of the control chart and the causality diagram, the improvement of the hardness quality management of GIS components can be effectively guided.