从压头材料、试验原理、标尺适用范围、试验力保持时间、数据修约以及硬度计日常检查等方面，对洛氏硬度试验新版标准GB/T 230.1-2018《金属材料洛氏硬度试验第1部分：试验方法》与旧版标准GB/T 230.1-2009之间存在的技术差异进行了对比分析，总结了新版标准的主要修改内容，并对新版标准在实施过程中应注意的事项进行了说明。结果表明：两个版本标准在具体规定上存在着较大差异，在试验前要提前做好相关规定，才能得到客观准确的试验数据。

The technical differences between the new standard for Rockwell hardness test of GB/T 230.1-2018 Metallic Materials-Rockwell Hardness Test-Part 1:Test Method and the old standard GB/T 230.1-2009, were compared and analyzed from the aspects of indenter material, test principle, application scope of scale, test load holding time, data rounding and daily check of hardness tester. The main modifications of the new standard were summarized, and matters needing attention in the implementation of the new standard were explained. The results show that there are great differences between the two standards in specific regulations, relevant regulations should be made well in advance before the test in order to get objective and accurate test data.