立轴混流式水轮机尾水管进人门连接螺栓断裂失效分析
Failure Analysis on Fracture of Connecting Bolt of Draft Tube Inlet Gate of Vertical Francis Turbine
摘 要
某大型水电站水轮机在运行过程中发生尾水管进人门连接螺栓断裂。通过宏观和微观形貌分析、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能试验等方法对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：由于螺栓的热处理工艺不当，其表层形成严重的全脱碳层，降低了螺栓的抗疲劳性能；螺栓基体中块状铁素体较多，降低了强度裕量和韧性裕量。在尾水管过流产生的循环冲击载荷作用下，沿全脱碳层的微裂纹形成了疲劳开裂，并扩展至断裂。
尾水管
螺栓
断裂
全脱碳层
turbine
draft tube
bolt
fracture
decarburized layer
Abstract
The connecting bolt of draft tube inlet gate of a large hydropower station turbine fractured during operation. Means such as macro and micro morphology analysis, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination and mechanical properties test were used to analyze the fracture causes of the bolt. The results show that due to improper heat treatment process of the bolt, serious decarburization layer was formed on the surface of the bolt, and the layer reduced the fatigue resistance of the bolt. There were more massive ferrites in the bolt matrix, which reduced the strength margin and toughness margin. Under the cyclic impact load caused by draft tube overflow, fatigue cracking was formed by the microcracks along the decarbonized layer, and then extended to fracture.
中图分类号 TK735 DOI 10.11973/lhjy-wl201909015
所属栏目 质量控制与失效分析
基金项目
收稿日期 2019/5/13
修改稿日期
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备注张涛(1982-),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事电力设备失效分析及安全性评估工作,dkyzhangtao@163.com
引用该论文: ZHANG Tao,CHEN Hao,QIAO Xin,ZHENG Jianjun,TAN Xiaomeng,SUN Yunfei. Failure Analysis on Fracture of Connecting Bolt of Draft Tube Inlet Gate of Vertical Francis Turbine[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part A:Physical Testing, 2019, 55(9): 653～656
张涛,陈浩,乔欣,郑建军,谭晓蒙,孙云飞. 立轴混流式水轮机尾水管进人门连接螺栓断裂失效分析[J]. 理化检验－物理分册, 2019, 55(9): 653～656
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【7】李家宝,覃明,刘凤智,等. 弹簧钢60Si2Mn脱碳层软化的表征与研究[J]. 金属学报,2000,36(3):287-290.
【8】韩克甲,赵晓辉,李洪伟. 35CrMo钢高强螺栓断裂失效分析[J]. 理化检验(物理分册),2017,53(6):434-436.
【9】王丽萍,柳洋波,张玮,等. 60Si2Mn弹簧钢全脱碳的影响因素[J]. 金属热处理,2014,39(3):7-12.
【10】GILDER M J. Relationship between decarburization and fatigue strength of through-hardened and carburizing steel[J]. Materials Science and Technology,1991,7(4):307-310.
【11】张涛,陈浩,田峰,等. 超临界电站锅炉磨煤机加载架高强螺栓断裂分析[J]. 热加工工艺,2018,47(22):250-252.
【12】周凌九,王正伟,黄源芳. 转轮出口流态对尾水管内压力脉动的影响[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(12):1670-1673.
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