通过具体实例介绍了铝合金表面阳极氧化膜的典型缺陷。采用宏观观察和金相检验等方法对各种缺陷的形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：铝合金表面阳极氧化膜缺陷与表面加工质量、铝合金基体组织的不均匀性以及晶粒的异常变化有关，其中以铝合金晶粒异常变化导致缺陷的占比最多。当铝合金的晶粒均匀，尺寸在120 μm以下时，表面氧化膜质量好，厚度均匀；当晶粒尺寸大于180 μm时，则不利于阳极氧化膜的形成。

The typical defects in anodic oxide film on surface of aluminum alloy were introduced through concrete examples. The cause of various defects was analyzed by macroscopic observation and metallographic examination. The results show that the defects in anodic oxide film on aluminum alloy surface is related to the quality of surface processing,inhomogeneity of aluminum alloy matrix microstructure and the abnormal change of grain size. When the grain size of aluminium alloy is uniform and less than 120 μm, the oxide film has good quality and uniform thickness, and when the grain size is larger than 180 μm, the formation of anodic oxide film is unfavorable.