选取锆合金管材超声检测时的典型缺陷信号（纵向缺陷、横向缺陷、同位置纵横向缺陷、草状波）对应的管材试样，并将每种类型缺陷按不同信号幅值（20%～25%，25%～30%，30%～35%，≥36%）取样；采用宏观检测及金相层析法对以上试样进行观察，分析讨论管材中的缺陷类型、深度及位置与超声检测信号类型及幅值的关系。结果表明：10 μm级及以上深度的缺陷一般会引起超声检测信号异常，且缺陷深度与超声信号幅值基本呈一定的线性趋势，但存在不完全对应性；管材内外表面及内部的裂纹均会引起超声检测纵横伤及纵伤信号幅值的异常，而管材内外表面凹坑会引起超声检测横伤信号幅值的异常；草状波信号与管材晶粒组织、表面粗糙度及缺陷均无直接关系。

Test samples with typical defect signal of ultrasonic testing of nuclear zirconium alloy cladding tube were selected, including the same position longitudinal and horizontal defect, single vertical defect and single lateral defect with different signal amplitudes of 20%~25%, 25%~30%, 30%~35% and ≥ 36%, respectively. The test samples were investigated by macroscopic detection and metallographic method, and the relationship between the type, depth and position of defects in cladding tube and the type and amplitude of ultrasonic detection signals was analyzed. The results show that defects of depth of 10 μm or above generally cause abnormalities of ultrasonic detection signal, and the relationship between the depth of defect and the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal is basically linear, that is, the higher the amplitude, the deeper the depth of the defect. The cracks of the inner surface, outer surface and inside of cladding tube will cause the abnormalities of ultrasonic longitudinal, horizontal, as well as the single vertical detection signals, while the pits on the inner surface and outer surface of the cladding tube will cause the abnormalities of ultrasonic lateral detection signal. The grassy type of signal is not directly related to the grain structure, surface roughness and defect of cladding tube.